One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest (Novel) Book Review Movie
| One Flew Over the Cuckoo'south Nest | |
|---|---|
 Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Miloš Forman |
| Screenplay by |
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| Based on | One Flew Over the Cuckoo'due south Nest by Ken Kesey |
| Produced by |
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| Starring |
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| Cinematography |
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| Edited by |
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| Music by | Jack Nitzsche |
| Production | Fantasy Films |
| Distributed by | United Artists |
| Release engagement |
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| Running time | 133 minutes |
| Country | U.s.a. |
| Language | English |
| Budget | $3–4.4 one thousand thousand[1] [2] |
| Box office | $163.3 meg[iii] |
One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest is a 1975 American psychological one-act drama picture show[4] directed by Miloš Forman, based on the 1962 novel of the same proper noun past Ken Kesey. The pic stars Jack Nicholson every bit Randle McMurphy, a new patient at a mental institution, and features a supporting cast of Louise Fletcher, Will Sampson, Danny DeVito, Sydney Lassick, William Redfield, as well as Christopher Lloyd and Brad Dourif in their film debuts.
Filming began in January 1975 and lasted 3 months, taking place on location in Salem, Oregon, and the surrounding area, as well as Depoe Bay on the due north Oregon coast. The producers decided to shoot the movie in the Oregon State Hospital, an actual mental hospital, as this was as well the setting of the novel. The infirmary still functions (as of 2022), though the original buildings seen in the film have been demolished.
Considered by many to be one of the greatest films ever made, One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest is No. 33 on the American Film Institute's 100 Years... 100 Movies listing.
The film was the second to win all 5 major Academy Awards (Best Picture, Actor in Atomic number 82 Role, Actress in Lead Part, Director, and Screenplay) following It Happened One Night in 1934, an accomplishment not repeated until 1991 with The Silence of the Lambs. It also won numerous Golden Globe and BAFTA Awards. In 1993, the film was deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant" by the Usa Library of Congress, and selected for preservation in the National Motion picture Registry.
Plot [edit]
In 1963, Randle McMurphy is on an Oregon work farm for statutory rape of a 15-year-former girl. He gets himself transferred to a mental establishment to avoid the hard labor. The ward is dominated by head nurse Mildred Ratched, a cold, passive-aggressive tyrant who intimidates her patients.
The other patients include young, anxious, stuttering Billy Bibbit; Charlie Cheswick, who is prone to atmosphere tantrums; delusional, child-like Martini; the articulate, repressed homosexual Dale Harding; belligerent and profane Max Taber; epileptics Jim Sefelt and Bruce Fredrickson; quiet merely violent-minded Scanlon; tall, deaf-mute Native American "Principal" Bromden; and several others with chronic weather condition.
Ratched sees McMurphy'southward lively, rebellious presence equally a threat to her authority, which she responds to by confiscating and rationing the patients' cigarettes and suspending their carte du jour-playing privileges. McMurphy finds himself in a boxing of wills against Ratched. He steals a schoolhouse bus, escaping with several patients to become line-fishing on the Pacific Ocean Declension and encouraging them to notice their ain abilities and discover cocky-confidence.
Afterwards an orderly tells him that the approximate'south time judgement does not apply for people who are deemed to be criminally insane, McMurphy makes plans to escape, encouraging Chief Bromden to throw a hydrotherapy panel through a window. It is also revealed that McMurphy, Chief, and Taber are the only not-chronic patients involuntarily committed to the institution; the rest of them are cocky-committed and could leave at whatever fourth dimension, but are too agape to do then. After Cheswick bursts into a fit and demands his cigarettes, which had been rationed by Ratched, McMurphy fights with the orderlies, and Master intervenes.
Ratched sends Master, Cheswick, and McMurphy to the "shock shop" as a result of this insubordination. While awaiting their punishment, McMurphy offers Principal a stick of gum, and discovers he can speak and hear, having feigned his deafened-muteness to avoid engaging with anyone. Later being subjected to electroconvulsive therapy, McMurphy returns to the ward pretending to be brain damaged, but and then reveals that the treatment has made him even more than determined to defeat Ratched. McMurphy and Chief make plans to escape, simply determine to throw a hugger-mugger Christmas party for their friends after Ratched and the orderlies exit for the dark.
McMurphy sneaks two women, Candy and Rose, and bottles of alcohol into the ward; he bribes guard Turkle to allow this. After the party, McMurphy and Chief prepare to escape, inviting Billy to come with them. Baton refuses, but asks for a "date" with Processed; McMurphy arranges for him to have sex with her. McMurphy and the others get drunk, and McMurphy falls asleep instead of making his escape with Chief.
Ratched arrives in the morning to find the ward in disarray and almost of the patients passed out. She discovers Billy and Candy together, and aims to embarrass Baton in forepart of everyone. Baton manages to overcome his stutter and stands upwardly to Ratched. When she threatens to tell his mother, Baton cracks under the pressure and reverts to stuttering. Ratched has him placed in the medico's office. Moments later, McMurphy punches an orderly when trying to escape out of a window with the Main, causing other orderlies to intervene. Meanwhile, Billy commits suicide by slitting his throat with cleaved glass. Ratched tries to ease the state of affairs past calling for the day's routine to continue as usual, and an enraged McMurphy strangles Ratched. The orderlies subdue McMurphy, saving Ratched's life.
Some fourth dimension later, Ratched is wearing a neck brace and speaking with a weak vocalism, and Harding now leads the now-unsuspended menu-playing. McMurphy is nowhere to exist institute, leading to rumors that he has escaped. Later that dark, Chief sees McMurphy being returned to his bed. He greets him, elated that McMurphy had kept his hope not to escape without him, only notices McMurphy is unresponsive and physically limp, and discovers lobotomy scars on his brow. Main tearfully hugs McMurphy and says, "You're coming with me," before smothering him to decease with a pillow, thus euthanizing his shut friend. He then lifts the hydrotherapy fountain off the flooring, smashes it through the window gates, and escapes alone, all while the remaining inmates, having been woken up by the drinking glass breaking dissonance, sentinel and cheer him on.
Cast [edit]
- Jack Nicholson as Randle Patrick "R.P." McMurphy
- Louise Fletcher as Nurse Mildred Ratched
- Volition Sampson every bit "Chief" Bromden
- William Redfield as Dale Harding
- Brad Dourif as Billy Bibbit
- Sydney Lassick as Charlie Cheswick
- Christopher Lloyd as Max Taber
- Danny DeVito equally Martini
- Dean Brooks as Dr. John Spivey
- William Duell as Jim Sefelt
- Vincent Schiavelli every bit Bruce Frederickson
- Michael Berryman as Ellis
- Alonzo Brownish as Bellboy Miller
- Mwako Cumbaka as Attendant Warren
- Nathan George every bit Attendant Washington
- Marya Pocket-size every bit Candy
- Scatman Crothers as Night Guard Turkle
- Phil Roth as Woolsey
- Louisa Moritz as Rose
- Peter Brocco as Col. Matterson
- Delos V. Smith Jr. as Inmate Scanlon
- Josip Elic as Inmate Bancini
- Mimi Sarkisian as Nurse Pilbow
- Ted Markland as Hap Arlich
Product [edit]
The title comes from a nursery rhyme read to Chief Bromden as a child past his grandmother, mentioned in the book:
Vintery, mintery, cutery, corn,
Apple tree seed and apple thorn,
Wire, briar, limber lock
Three geese in a flock
One flew East
Ane flew West
And one flew over the cuckoo's nest.
Role player Kirk Douglas—who had originated the part of McMurphy in the 1963–64 Broadway stage version of the Ken Kesey novel—had purchased the picture show rights to the story, and tried for a decade to bring it to the big screen, but was unable to discover a studio willing to make it with him. Eventually, he sold the rights to his son Michael Douglas, who succeeded in getting the film produced—but the elder Douglas, by then nearly 60, was considered too quondam for the McMurphy office, Gene Hackman,[5] James Caan,[6] Marlon Brando,[five] and Burt Reynolds[7] were also considered, but all iv turned downwardly the office, which ultimately went to 38-year-former Jack Nicholson.[viii] Douglas brought in Saul Zaentz as co-producer.[ii]
The film'southward first screenwriter, Lawrence Hauben, introduced Douglas to the work of Miloš Forman, whose 1967 Czechoslovak film The Firemen's Brawl had certain qualities that mirrored the goals of the present script. Forman flew to California and discussed the script page by folio, outlining what he would do, in contrast with other directors who had been approached who were less than forthcoming.[two] Forman wrote in 2012: "To me, [the story] was not just literature, only existent life, the life I lived in Czechoslovakia from my birth in 1932 until 1968. The Communist Party was my Nurse Ratched, telling me what I could and could not practise; what I was or was not immune to say; where I was and was non allowed to go; even who I was and was not".[9]
Zaentz, a voracious reader, felt an affinity with Kesey, and so subsequently Hauben's showtime attempt he asked Kesey to write the screenplay.[2] Kesey participated in the early on stages of script development, but withdrew afterwards artistic differences with the producers over casting and narrative signal of view; ultimately he filed suit against the production and won a settlement.[10]
Hal Ashby, who had been an early on consideration for director, suggested Jack Nicholson for the office of McMurphy. Nicholson had never played this type of part before. Production was delayed for about six months considering of Nicholson's schedule. Douglas afterwards stated in an interview that "that turned out to be a nifty blessing: it gave the states the hazard to get the ensemble correct".[2]
Casting [edit]
Danny DeVito, Douglas' oldest friend, was the first to be cast, having played one of the patients, Martini, whom he plays in the subsequent picture show, in the 1971 off-Broadway production. Chief Bromden, played by Will Sampson, was found through the referral of Mel Lambert (who portrayed the harbormaster in the fishing scene), a used automobile dealer Douglas met on an airplane flight when Douglas told him they wanted a "big guy" to play the function. Lambert's father oftentimes sold cars to Native American customers and six months later called Douglas to say: "the biggest sonofabitch Indian came in the other mean solar day!"[two]
Bud Cort was considered for the part of Billy Bibbit.[eleven]
Miloš Forman had considered Shelley Duvall for the part of Processed; coincidentally, she, Nicholson, and Scatman Crothers (who portrays Turkle) would all later appear as role of the main bandage of the 1980 motion-picture show adaptation of The Shining. While screening Thieves Like Us (1974) to see if she was right for the role, he became interested in Louise Fletcher, who had a supporting role, for the role of Nurse Ratched. A mutual acquaintance, the casting director Fred Roos, had already mentioned Fletcher'southward proper noun as a possibility. Even then, it took four or 5 meetings, over a year, (during which the role was offered to other actresses such equally Jeanne Moreau, Colleen Dewhurst, Ellen Burstyn, Angela Lansbury, Anne Bancroft, and Geraldine Folio)[12] [xiii] for Fletcher to secure the role of Nurse Ratched. Her final audition was late in 1974, with Forman, Zaentz, and Douglas. The mean solar day after Christmas, her agent chosen to say she was expected at the Oregon State Hospital in Salem on January 4 to begin rehearsals.[xiv]
In 2016, Fletcher recalled that Nicholson's salary was "enormous", while the residue of the cast worked at or close to scale. She put in 11 weeks, earning $10,000 before taxes.[14]
Rehearsals [edit]
Prior to outset of filming, a week of rehearsals started on Jan four, 1975, in Oregon, during which the actors watched the patients in their daily routine and at group therapy. Jack Nicholson and Louise Fletcher likewise witnessed electroconvulsive therapy being performed on a patient.[2]
Filming [edit]
Filming began in January 1975, and concluded approximately three months later, and was shot on location in Salem, Oregon, and the surrounding area, equally well as the coastal town of Depoe Bay, Oregon.[15] [16] [17]
The producers decided to shoot the pic in the Oregon State Hospital, an actual mental infirmary, as this was also the setting of the novel.[18] The hospital'south managing director, Dean Brooks, was supportive of the filming and somewhen concluded up playing the graphic symbol of Dr. John Spivey in the pic. Brooks identified a patient for each of the actors to shadow, and some of the cast fifty-fifty slept on the wards at nighttime. He also wanted to incorporate his patients into the crew, to which the producers agreed. Douglas recalls that it was not until later that he found out that many of them were criminally insane.[2]
As Forman did non allow the actors to run across the twenty-four hour period's filming, this led to the cast losing confidence in him, while Nicholson as well began to wonder about his performance. Douglas convinced Forman to testify Nicholson something, which he did, and restored the actor's conviction.[ii]
Haskell Wexler was fired as cinematographer and replaced by Bill Butler. Wexler believed his dismissal was due to his concurrent work on the documentary Secret, in which the radical militant group the Atmospheric condition Underground were being interviewed while hiding from the constabulary. Even so, Forman said he had terminated Wexler'due south services over creative differences. Both Wexler and Butler received Academy Award nominations for Best Cinematography for Ane Flew Over the Cuckoo'southward Nest, though Wexler said in that location was "only about a infinitesimal or two minutes in that pic I didn't shoot".[19]
According to Butler, Nicholson refused to speak to Forman: "...[Jack] never talked to Miloš at all, he just talked to me".[20]
The production went over the initial upkeep of $2 one thousand thousand and over-schedule, but Zaentz, who was personally financing the moving picture, was able to come with the difference past borrowing against his company, Fantasy Records. The total production budget came to $4.iv one thousand thousand.[two]
Release [edit]
The film premiered at the Sutton and Paramount Theatres in New York Metropolis on November nineteen, 1975.[21] It was the second-highest-grossing film released in 1975 in the United States and Canada with a gross of $109 1000000,[1] one of the seventh-highest-grossing films of all fourth dimension at the time.[21] Every bit it was released toward the end of the year, most of its gross was in 1976 and was the highest-grosser for calendar year 1976 with rentals of $56.five 1000000.[22]
Worldwide, One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest grossed $163,250,000. The picture was the highest grossing film released by UA up to that time.[three] [21]
Reception [edit]
Critics praised the moving-picture show, sometimes with reservations. Roger Ebert said:
Miloš Forman'south Ane Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest is a film so good in so many of its parts that there's a temptation to forgive it when information technology goes wrong. But it does go incorrect, insisting on making larger points than its story actually should carry, so that at the finish, the man qualities of the characters go lost in the significance of it all. And still, there are those moments of luminescence.[23]
Ebert later put the film on his "Great Movies" listing.[24] A.D. Murphy of Diverseness wrote a mixed review as well,[25] equally did Vincent Canby in The New York Times:
A comedy that can't quite support its tragic conclusion, which is besides schematic to be honestly moving, but it is acted with such a sense of life that one responds to its demonstration of humanity if not to its programmed metaphors.[26]
The moving-picture show opened and airtight with original music past composer Jack Nitzsche, featuring an eerie bowed saw (performed by Robert Armstrong) and wine spectacles. On the score, reviewer Steven McDonald:
The edgy nature of the film extends into the score, giving information technology a profoundly disturbing feel at times–even when information technology appears to be relatively normal. The music has a trend to ever exist a little off-kilter, and from fourth dimension to fourth dimension, it tilts completely over into a strange petty earth of its own ...[27]
The film won the "Big Five" University Awards at the 48th Oscar anniversary. These include the All-time Actor for Jack Nicholson, All-time Actress for Louise Fletcher, Best Direction for Forman, Best Picture, and Best Adapted Screenplay for Lawrence Hauben and Bo Goldman. The moving picture has a 93% "Certified Fresh" rating at Rotten Tomatoes based on reviews from 115 critics, with an average rating of 9/x. The website'southward critics consensus reads: "Jack Nicholson and Louise Fletcher are worthy adversaries in 1 Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, with Miloš Forman's more grounded and morally cryptic approach to Ken Kesey'southward surrealistic novel yielding a movie of outsized power."[28]
Kesey himself claimed never to take seen the movie, just said he disliked what he knew of it,[29] a fact confirmed by Chuck Palahniuk, who wrote: "The start time I heard this story, information technology was through the moving picture starring Jack Nicholson. A movie that Kesey once told me he disliked."[xxx]
In 1993, the film was deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant" past the United States Library of Congress and selected for preservation in their National Pic Registry.[31]
Awards and nominations [edit]
| Award | Category | Nominee(south) | Upshot |
|---|---|---|---|
| Academy Awards | Best Picture | Michael Douglas and Saul Zaentz | Won |
| Best Director | Miloš Forman | Won | |
| All-time Actor | Jack Nicholson | Won | |
| Best Actress | Louise Fletcher | Won | |
| Best Supporting Actor | Brad Dourif | Nominated | |
| All-time Screenplay – Adapted from Other Material | Lawrence Hauben and Bo Goldman | Won | |
| Best Cinematography | Haskell Wexler and Nib Butler | Nominated | |
| Best Film Editing | Richard Chew, Lynzee Klingman and Sheldon Kahn | Nominated | |
| Best Original Score | Jack Nitzsche | Nominated | |
| American Cinema Editors Awards | All-time Edited Characteristic Moving-picture show | Richard Chew, Lynzee Klingman and Sheldon Kahn | Nominated |
| Bodil Awards | Best Non-European Film | Miloš Forman | Won |
| British Academy Picture show Awards | All-time Film | Won | |
| All-time Direction | Miloš Forman | Won | |
| Best Actor in a Leading Role | Jack Nicholson | Won | |
| Best Actress in a Leading Part | Louise Fletcher | Won | |
| Best Role player in a Supporting Role | Brad Dourif | Won | |
| Best Screenplay | Lawrence Hauben and Bo Goldman | Nominated | |
| Best Cinematography | Haskell Wexler and Bill Butler | Nominated | |
| Best Editing | Richard Chew, Lynzee Klingman and Sheldon Kahn | Won | |
| Chicago International Film Festival | Best Characteristic | Miloš Forman | Nominated |
| César Awards | Best Foreign Film | Nominated | |
| David di Donatello Awards | All-time Foreign Director | Miloš Forman | Won |
| All-time Foreign Actor | Jack Nicholson | Won | |
| Directors Guild of America Awards | Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Motion Pictures | Miloš Forman | Won |
| Golden World Awards | Best Motion Picture – Drama | Won | |
| Best Actor in a Movement Picture – Drama | Jack Nicholson | Won | |
| Best Extra in a Movement Moving picture – Drama | Louise Fletcher | Won | |
| All-time Managing director – Motion Picture | Miloš Forman | Won | |
| Best Screenplay – Movement Picture | Lawrence Hauben and Bo Goldman | Won | |
| New Star of the Year – Histrion | Brad Dourif | Won | |
| Gilt Screen Awards | Won | ||
| Grammy Awards | All-time Anthology of Best Original Score Written for a Motion Flick or Television Special | Jack Nitzsche | Nominated |
| Kansas Urban center Picture show Critics Circle Awards | Best Director | Miloš Forman | Won |
| Kinema Junpo Awards | All-time Foreign Director | Won | |
| Los Angeles Moving picture Critics Association Awards | Best Film | Won[a] | |
| Nastro d'Argento | Best Foreign Director | Miloš Forman | Won |
| National Board of Review Awards | Meridian Ten Films | 3rd Identify | |
| Best Actor | Jack Nicholson | Won | |
| National Film Preservation Lath | National Film Registry | Inducted | |
| National Society of Moving picture Critics Awards | Best Histrion | Jack Nicholson | Won |
| New York Film Critics Circumvolve Awards | Best Actor | Won | |
| All-time Supporting Actress | Louise Fletcher | Runner-up | |
| Online Film & Television Clan Awards | Hall of Fame – Motion Picture | Won | |
| People's Option Awards | Favorite Move Film | Won | |
| Sant Jordi Awards | All-time Foreign Histrion | Jack Nicholson (also for Carnal Noesis and The Passenger) | Won |
| Writers Society of America Awards | Best Drama Adapted from Another Medium | Lawrence Hauben and Bo Goldman | Won |
In 2015, the pic ranked 59th on BBC's "100 Greatest American Films" list, voted on by moving-picture show critics from effectually the world.[32]
American Film Institute
- AFI'due south 100 Years... 100 Movies – #20
- AFI's 100 Years... 100 Heroes and Villains:
- Nurse Ratched – #v Villain
- R.P. McMurphy - Nominated Hero
- AFI's 100 Years... 100 Cheers – #17
- AFI'southward 100 Years... 100 Movies (10th Ceremony Edition) – #33
See also [edit]
- List of Academy Accolade records
- List of Big V Academy Honour winners and nominees
- Mental illness in picture
Notes [edit]
- ^ Tied with Domestic dog Mean solar day Afternoon.
References [edit]
- ^ a b "One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975)". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on July 14, 2019. Retrieved Dec 1, 2019.
- ^ a b c d eastward f g h i j Hood, Phil (April xi, 2017). "Michael Douglas: how we made One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest". The Guardian. Archived from the original on Apr 12, 2017. Retrieved April 13, 2017.
- ^ a b "Hullo-Flying 'Cuckoo' At $163,250,000; Best E'er of UA". Variety. November 17, 1976. p. 3.
- ^ 1 Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975) - Milos Forman | Synopsis, Characteristics, Moods, Themes and Related | AllMovie , retrieved 2021-05-24
- ^ a b Zeidner, Lisa (26 Nov 2000). "Flick; Rebels Who Were More Aroused Than Mad". The New York Times.
- ^ "Caan Rues the Bad Choices That Prompted Him to Reject Movies". 12 September 2005.
- ^ "Roles Burt Reynolds Turned Downward, from Bond to Solo". half-dozen September 2018.
- ^ "15 things you never knew about One Flew over the Cuckoo's Nest on its 40th birthday". nineteen November 2015.
- ^ Forman, Milos (ten July 2012). "Opinion – Obama the Socialist? Not Even Close". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 17 April 2018. Retrieved sixteen April 2018.
- ^ Carnes, Mark Christopher, Paul R. Betz, et al. (1999). American National Biography, Volume 26. New York: Oxford University Press Usa. ISBN 0-nineteen-522202-4. p. 312,
- ^ "Bud Cort: 'Harold and Maude was a approving and a curse' | Movies | The Guardian". amp.theguardian.com.
- ^ "The New York Times: Best Pictures".
- ^ "AFI|Catalog".
- ^ a b Walker, Tim (Jan 22, 2016). "1 Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest: Louise Fletcher recalls the affect of landing the Oscar-winning office of Nurse Ratched". The Independent. Archived from the original on February 11, 2017. Retrieved April xiv, 2017.
- ^ "One Flew Over the Cuckoo'southward Nest at the American Moving picture Institute". Archived from the original on 2015-08-x. Retrieved 2015-06-16 .
- ^ "Story Notes for One Flew Over the Cuckoo'southward Nest". Archived from the original on 2015-06-16. Retrieved 2015-06-xvi .
- ^ "Hollywood's Love Affair with Oregon Coast Continues". Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
- ^ "Oregon Land Hospital – A documentary film (Mental Health Association of Portland)". Archived from the original on 2018-09-15. Retrieved 2011-11-12 .
- ^ Anderson, John (27 December 2015). "Anderson, John. "Haskell Wexler, Oscar-Winning Cinematographer, Dies at 93." The New York Times, December 27, 2015". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 2, 2017. Retrieved March 3, 2017.
- ^ Townsend, Sylvia (19 December 2014). "Haskell Wexler and the Making of 'One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest'". Archived from the original on 18 April 2015. Retrieved xiii April 2015.
- ^ a b c "The Offset Year (advertizement)". Diverseness. November 24, 1976. pp. 12–13.
- ^ "Big Rental Films of 1976". Diversity. Jan 5, 1977. p. fourteen.
- ^ Suntimes.com Archived 2005-04-08 at the Wayback Machine – Roger Ebert review, Chicago Sunday-Times, Jan one, 1975
- ^ Suntimes.com Archived 2010-10-30 at the Wayback Automobile – Roger Ebert review, Chicago Lord's day-Times, February two, 2003.
- ^ Murphy, A.D. (November 7, 1975). "Motion-picture show Reviews: One Flew Over the Cuckoo'southward Nest". Variety. Archived from the original on Nov xiv, 2012. Retrieved April 20, 2020.
- ^ Canby, Vincent (Nov 28, 1975). "Critic's Pick: I Flew Over the Cuckoo'southward Nest". The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 6, 2016. Retrieved April 28, 2015.
- ^ "One Flew Over the Cuckoo'southward Nest [Original Soundtrack] – Jack Nitzsche – Songs, Reviews, Credits – AllMusic". AllMusic. Archived from the original on 2020-07-08. Retrieved 2020-04-twenty .
- ^ "One Flew over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975)". Rotten Tomatoes. Archived from the original on September 24, 2020. Retrieved March xx, 2022.
- ^ Carnes, p. 312
- ^ Foreword of One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, Copyright 2007 by Chuck Palahniuk. Available in the 2007 Edition published by Penguin Books
- ^ "Complete National Picture Registry Listing | Film Registry | National Film Preservation Lath | Programs at the Library of Congress | Library of Congress". Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. Archived from the original on 2016-10-31. Retrieved 2020-02-27 .
- ^ "100 Greatest American Films". BBC. July 20, 2015. Archived from the original on September 16, 2016. Retrieved July 21, 2015.
External links [edit]
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_Flew_Over_the_Cuckoo%27s_Nest_(film)